Gray Black Angelfish
Pomacanthus arcuatus
Saltwater Fish
Species Group: Angel Large
Family: Pomacanthidae
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Water parameters
Temp
76-80 F
Temperature
Maintaining a stable and appropriate temperature is critical for the survival of aquatic life.
pH 7.8 - 8.4 potential of HydrogenMeasuring the acidity or alkalinity of water on a 0–14 scale, where 7 is neutral, 7 is alkaline.
NO3 1-20 ppm NitrateWhile less toxic than ammonia, high nitrate levels (above 40–80 ppm) are important to monitor because they can cause fish stress, stunted growth, and harmful algae blooms.
NO2 <0.0001 ppm NitriteIt is a highly toxic, intermediate compound in the nitrogen cycle produced from broken-down ammonia
PO4 0.01 - 0.1 ppm PhosphateIt is essential for plant development but must be managed, as excess levels trigger nuisance algae blooms and inhibit coral calcification.
NH3 <0.1 ppm AmmoniaIt is the primary killer of aquarium fish, causing gill damage, stress, and death
Ca 380 - 450 ppm CalciumSupporting the growth, skeletal structure, and shell formation of corals, mollusks, crustaceans, and coralline algae
KH 8 - 12 dKH AlkalinityIt acts as a shield, neutralizing acids to prevent dangerous pH "crashes" that can harm fish, corals, and plants.
Mg 1200 - 1400 ppm MagnesiumIt enables coral growth by supporting skeletal formation, assists in metabolic processes, and ensures that calcium is available for corals, clams, and coralline algae.
SG 1.023 - 1.026 SG SalinityEssential for maintaining stable, natural water parameters, proper osmoregulation, and stress-free environments for marine fish and corals
ORP 250 - 400 mV Oxidation-Reduction PotentialA higher positive mV indicates clean, oxygen-rich water with high water quality, while low readings indicate high pollution.
About Gray Black Angelfish
General information
The adult Gray Black Angelfish has a gray body with dusky blue polka-dots and the same dusky blue highlights on the caudal, dorsal, and anal fins. The face is a clear, pale silvery-gray. The juvenile is black with yellow stripes. The Gray Black Angelfish is hardy and can reach a length of 20 inches as an adult. It requires a large tank. The tank should contain large amounts of live rock for hiding and grazing. Gray Black Angelfish is prone to nip at stony and soft corals (sessile invertebrates) and clam mantles. The Small Juvenile will contain the Juvenile colorations or may be color shifting to a young adult, while the Medium will be a sub-adult, and the Large will be in Adult coloration
Diet & nutrition
Grayback angelfishes are omnivores. This angelfish feed mainly on sponges but is also known to eat tunicates, algae, zoantharians, gorgonians, hydroids, bryozoans, and seagrasses.
Juveniles of this species are part-time cleaners and are found feeding on algae and detritus along with ectoparasites they clean from other fish.
Determining sex
No sexual dimorphism observed but usually males are larger than females.
Breeding & spawning
Gray Black angelfishes are monogamous and is observed as both facultative and social. Spawning in the wild usually occurs in the early morning hours as the angelfish pair cruise several feet in the water column with a few chases. The pair comes close together bringing their vents near each other and releases eggs and sperm into the water.
These angels reach sexual maturity at 22-26 cm in total body length.
Diseases
Susceptible to parasites such as an unidentified crab zoeae found in the gills of a gray black angelfish.
Origination
Gray black angelfish are common along the reefs in the western Atlantic Ocean. It ranges from New England south to Rio de Janeiro including the West Indies and is ocassionally found in the Gulf of Mexico.
Cautions
It is best to keep th Gray Black angelfish as the only angelfish in the tank, if they are to be mixed with other angels it should be done so in a large system as possible. They tend to pick at everything that they reach such as corals, anemones, shellfish, algae from live rocks, and other sessile organisms.
Acclimation process
This angel should be freshwater dipped prior to introduction into the tank. They can do well in a broad range of physical and chemical conditions. Suggested optimum water conditions are temperature range of 72-78° F, carbonate hardness of dKH 8-12, pH level of 8.1-8.4, salinity of 1.020-1.025 sg.
All photos
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